What is Helium-3 and could we get it from the moon?

What is Helium-3 and could we get it from the moon?Image source, Jacob Clothier/Lancaster UniversityImage caption, Dima Zmeev in front of Lancaster University's valuable supply of helium-3ByChris BaraniukTechnology reporterPublished16 June 202664 CommentsOne of the most valuable assets owned by Lancaster University is stored in beer kegs.But it's not in one of the student bars.In a carefully locked laboratory rows of metal kegs are arranged on shelves and linked together with spindly copper pipework.The containers aren't loaded with prize beer but rather a gas called helium-3, one of the most expensive materials in the world. A single litre costs roughly $2,000 (£1,500), though the price can fluctuate."The lab has been going for 50 years or so. Back then, the helium was quite cheap," says Dima Zmeev, senior lecturer. "Our very wise predecessors stocked up."In the near future, more people could be looking to build up such a stockpile. Helium-3 has applications in quantum computing and nuclear fusion. However, the main source of it today is tightly controlled – it comes from nuclear weapons. Specifically, from the decay of tritium, a form of hydrogen, inside those weapons.Around the world, tens of thousands of litres of helium-3 are likely to be produced this way every year, estimates David McCollum, distinguished scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. But future demand could far exceed that supply.Some entrepreneurs and researchers say we need new sources of helium-3. It exists in the ground, though generally at very low concentrations.However, samples of moon dust, or regolith, from the Apollo missions suggest it may be present there at relatively high concentrations. As such, plans are now afoot to recover helium-3 from the moon.Helium-3 is an isotope of helium, defined by the number of neutrons in the atom's nucleus. Helium-4, with one additional neutron, is the comparatively cheap version – a gas that fill...