Poor planning fuels Bangladesh contraceptive crisis

Bangladesh’s once-praised family planning system is buckling under severe contraceptive shortages, raising fears of a rise in unplanned pregnancies in one of the world’s most densely populated countries.

For decades, the South Asian nation was hailed as a success for slashing birth rates through an expansive state-backed family planning programme that sent field workers door to door with pills, condoms and advice on birth spacing.

But that system is now faltering, with government clinics across the country of 170 million people running out of basic contraceptives after procurement failures and administrative disruption left supplies depleted in nearly a third of districts.

“We haven’t had supplies of condoms for the last four to five months,” said Ahmed Bin Sultan, 33, a family planning officer at the Savar Upazila Health Complex in Dhaka.

“We are continuously requesting service seekers to buy them from dispensaries.”

The centre is barely functioning, like most government-run facilities that have offered nearly free family planning services to underprivileged people for decades.

Bin Sultan oversees a population of 100,000 in Savar, many of them workers in the country’s key garment manufacturing sector.

Condoms, oral pills, emergency contraceptive pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs) and injectables were unavailable at around a third of the country’s 64 districts, according to government figures for May.

Stocks in other districts are also running low.

Tamanna, 22, a mother of two, comes to the Savar centre for pills — but must return every month.

“They used to give three to four sachets of pills, but that has been reduced,” said the domestic worker, who gave only one name.

“And taking time off work on weekdays is difficult.”

‘Mismanagement’

Public health expert Be-Nazir Ahmed said the impact was wider than contraception alone, pointing to an ongoing measles outbreak due to a failure to vaccinate. Some 400 children have died since mid-March.

“The measles outbreak, shortages of rabies vaccines and now the family planning commodity crisis are all results of mismanagement,” he said.

Officials and researchers warn that the crisis could reverse decades of progress.

Bangladesh’s fertility rate recently began rising for the first time in years, in what insiders describe as a stagnating family planning programme.

Family planning was once taboo in the Muslim-majority country. But beginning in the 1970s, thousands of field workers went door to door discussing marital health, birth spacing and contraceptive options.

“Family planning in Bangladesh was once almost like a social movement,” said Tahmina, 54, a family welfare official who uses one name.

“When I started in 1992, people would secretly come to collect pills and condoms.”

In 1975, the total fertility rate was 6.3 children per woman. Within 30 years, it had dropped to 3.0, and by 2022, it stood at 2.3.

It has now risen to 2.4, according to UN data.

Officials blame shifting priorities and procurement delays, which increased during and after the chaos of a 2024 uprising that overthrew the country’s autocratic government.

“We failed to procure birth control commodities in 2024 due to administrative setbacks,” a senior official said, requesting anonymity.

“From 2024 to 2026, we also failed to convince the government that the shortage had reached a critical level.”

Lost momentum

Part of the rise also resulted from the suspension of family planning activities during the Covid-19 pandemic.

But Mohammad Bellal Hossain, population science professor at the University of Dhaka, also pointed to years of declining political attention to population policy under ousted prime minister Sheikh Hasina.

“It seemed to lose momentum when we saw Sheikh Hasina attend the population council meeting only once in 17 years,” Hossain said.

A new government was elected in February, but continued shortages have forced clinics to turn away couples or steer them towards whatever methods remain available.

Abortion pills require a prescription, but many pharmacies often sell them without one, contributing to widespread use without proper medical guidance.

“We are receiving patients with post-abortion complications,” said Kishwar Imdad, country director of Marie Stopes Bangladesh.

He said the charity’s family planning programme in remote areas “was halted in 2024 due to the shortage of commodities”, and that “the supply chain has still not been restored”.

Mohammad Abdul Kalam, the director of family planning in Bangladesh’s health ministry, sought to allay fears over supplies.

“We have secured supplies of oral pills and condoms, and they will start reaching the centres by June,” Kalam told AFP.

“However, restoring the supply chain will take some more time. By August, there should be no shortage.”

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Header image: This photograph taken on April 27, 2026 shows Tahmina, a family welfare officer preparing a birth control injection at the Savar Upazila Health Complex in Dhaka. —AFP