China's control over UK's antibiotics supply 'leaves Britain vulnerable', report warns

By SOPHIE CHURCH - POLITICAL REPORTER Published: 22:43, 1 May 2026 | Updated: 22:43, 1 May 2026 Britain could be cut off from antibiotics supplies because of its ‘potentially catastrophic’ reliance on China for medication, a worrying new report reveals. With China producing up to 90 per cent of the ingredients going into antibiotics, experts have warned President Xi could deny the NHS and Armed Forces access to infection-killing medicines at any point. While the UK and US source most of their antibiotics from India, India actually relies on China for 91.5 per cent of its antibiotics ingredients, the report from think tank Council on Geostrategy reveals. This extreme concentration ‘exposes the US and Europe to the geopolitical calculations of the Chinese Communist Party’. And in the event of a military conflict, this could see Beijing instantly severing medical supplies to Western forces and hospitals. But China could also quietly apply a ‘health blockade’ outside of war by squeezing India’s supply – which would instantly starve the UK, Europe and America of essential medications. In the report’s foreword, Labour MP for North Durham Luke Akehurst warns that industrial failure in China, a sudden restriction on exports or a souring of relations between China and the UK could ‘paralyse the healthcare of Britain and its allies and partners across the Euro-Atlantic area within just a few weeks’. Shadow home affairs minister Alicia Kearns adds that ‘we now face a reality where a single contamination event or geopolitical decision in a foreign and potentially hostile state could trigger catastrophic shortages across the United Kingdom’. With China producing up to 90 per cent of the ingredients going into antibiotics, experts have warned President Xi (pictured) could deny the NHS and Armed Forces access to infection-killing medicines at any point While the UK and US source most of their antibiotics from India, India actually relies on China for 91.5 per cent of its antibiotics ingredients, the report from think tank Council on Geostrategy reveals And the report’s author Andrew Rechenberg, an economist specialising in pharmaceutical supply chains, writes that China’s control over antibiotics is ‘not just an economic problem’ but a ‘direct health security and national security vulnerability for the United States, Britain, and Europe’. He adds: ‘When so much of the world depends on so few upstream plants and firms, even a single disruption can cascade across hospitals and health systems.’ This comes as the top four Chinese suppliers of antibiotics ingredients – North China Pharma, Sinobright Pharma, MS and Centrient Pharmaceuticals – account for 54 per cent of India’s imports, leaving global supplies dependent on just a small number of individual companies. Meanwhile, only seven sites manufacturing the compound that creates penicillin are based in China, creating a severe ‘chokepoint’ in the global penicillin supply chain, the report warns. And ‘sustained price suppression’ by China has cut the West out the antibiotics manufacturing market – with just one penicillin production facility now operating in Austria. Subsidised Chinese fermentation producers have driven global import prices down by roughly 80 per cent for antibiotics ingredients since 1992, crushing the margins of Western equivalents. The report calls for Western governments to bring forward financial incentives to boost antibiotic manufacturing capabilities outside of India and China, and for tariff-rate quotas to counter low-cost prices of antibiotics made abroad. It also recommends building antibiotic supply-chain security into Nato ‘readiness’ planning. No comments have so far been submitted. Why not be the first to send us your thoughts, or debate this issue live on our message boards. By posting your comment you agree to our house rules. Do you want to automatically post your MailOnline comments to your Facebook Timeline? Your comment will be posted to MailOnline as usual. Do you want to automatically post your MailOnline comments to your Facebook Timeline? Your comment will be posted to MailOnline as usual We will automatically post your comment and a link to the news story to your Facebook timeline at the same time it is posted on MailOnline. To do this we will link your MailOnline account with your Facebook account. We’ll ask you to confirm this for your first post to Facebook. You can choose on each post whether you would like it to be posted to Facebook. Your details from Facebook will be used to provide you with tailored content, marketing and ads in line with our Privacy Policy.